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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .
When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.
Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.
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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .
Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with those options.
One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each the files that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .
Like the digital drive solution, some products save your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.
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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.
Once you copy a file into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .
Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .
Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what is left.
An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.
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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.
If you're an encryption specialist, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.
Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.
With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key pop over here document, I just encrypt it with your public key.
Simple! .
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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .
If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.